Terug naar zoekresultaten

GORZ bij kinderen van 0-18 jaar

Volgen
Initiatief: NVK Aantal modules: 23
Bijlagen
Download richtlijn

Startpagina - Gastro-oesofageale reflux(ziekte) (GORZ)

Beoordeeld: 01-07-2019

Waar gaat deze richtlijn over?

Deze richtlijn richt zich op wat volgens de huidige maatstaven de beste zorg is voor patiënten met gastro-oesofageale refluxziekte. In de richtlijn komen de volgende onderwerpen aan de orde:

  • Wat de waarde is van verschillende aanvullende onderzoeken, zoals kijkonderzoek in de maag, om de aandoening gastro-oesofageale refluxziekte vast te stellen
  • In hoeverre leefstijladviezen zoals het verdikken van voedsel en houdingsadviezen vermindering geven van de klachten en tot welke leeftijd deze adviezen zinvol zijn
  • Welke medicamenteuze behandelingen er mogelijk zijn en welke daarvan het meest veilig en effectief zijn
  • Wanneer een operatie geïndiceerd is bij kinderen met gastro-oesofageale refluxziekte
  • Wanneer een patiënt met gastro-oesofageale refluxziekte verwezen moet worden van de eerste naar de tweede of naar de derde lijn
  • Welke onderzoeken gedaan moeten worden bij specifieke groepen patiënten

 

Voor wie is de richtlijn bedoeld?

De richtlijn is bestemd voor alle zorgverleners die betrokken zijn bij de zorg voor kinderen met gastro-oesofageale refluxziekte.

 

Voor patiënten

Gastro-oesofageale reflux betekent het terugkomen van de maaginhoud in de slokdarm en soms in de keel. Als het terugkomen van maaginhoud leidt tot klachten, zoals pijn, een branderig gevoel en misselijkheid, is er sprake van gastro-oesofageale refluxziekte.

Als baby’s last hebben van refluxziekte, dan zijn ze prikkelbaar, moeten ze veel huilen en weigeren ze voedsel.  De klachten van oudere kinderen zijn onder andere zuurbranden of pijn op de borst.

 

Bij aanverwante informatie staat een patiëntenversie van de richtlijn.

 

Hoe is de richtlijn tot stand gekomen?

Het initiatief voor deze richtlijn is afkomstig van de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Kindergeneeskunde (NVK). De richtlijn is opgesteld door een multidisciplinaire commissie met vertegenwoordigers vanuit de kinderartsen, maag-darm-leverartsen, artsen jeugdgezondheidszorg, ziekenhuisapothekers, huisartsen en klinisch chemici.

Onderbouwing

  1. 1 - Rosen R, Vandenplas Y, Singendonk M, Cabana M, DiLorenzo C, Gottrand F, et al. Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Clinical Practice Guidelines: Joint Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2018;66:516-54.
  2. 2 - Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2011;64:383-94.
  3. 3 - Singendonk M, Goudswaard E, Langendam M, van Wijk M, van Etten-Jamaludin F, Benninga M, et al. Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2019;
  4. 4 - Singendonk MM, Goudswaard E, Langendam M., Van Wijk MP, Van Etten F, Benninga MA, et al. Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children: a systematic review [Submitted for publication]. 0000;
  5. 5 - Singendonk MMJ, Tabbers MM, Benninga MA, Langendam MW. Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Systematic Review on Prognosis and Prognostic Factors. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2018;66:239-43.
  6. 6 - Davies I, Burman-Roy S, Murphy MS. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children: NICE guidance. BMJ. 2015;350:g7703.
  7. 7 - Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2006;101:1900-20.
  8. 8 - Arasu TS, Wyllie R, Fitzgerald JF, Franken EA, Siddiqui AR, Lehman GA, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children comparative accuracy of diagnostic methods. The Journal of pediatrics. 1980;96:798-803.
  9. 9 - Cucchiara S, Minella R, D'Armiento F, Franco MT, lervolino C, Campanozzi A, et al. Histologic grading of reflux oesophagitis and its relationship with intra-oesophageal and intragastric pH variables. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 1993;5:621-6.
  10. 10 - Ravelli AM, Villanacci V, Ruzzenenti N, Grigolato P, Tobanelli P, Klersy C, et al. Dilated intercellular spaces: a major morphological feature of esophagitis. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2006;42:510-5.
  11. 11 - Boix-Ochoa J, Lafuenta JM, Gil-Vernet JM. Twenty-four hour exophageal pH monitoring in gastroesophageal reflux. Journal of pediatric surgery. 1980;15:74-8.
  12. 12 - Da Dalt L, Mazzoleni S, Montini G, Donzelli F, Zacchello F. Diagnostic accuracy of pH monitoring in gastro-oesophageal reflux. Archives of disease in childhood. 1989;64:1421-6.
  13. 13 - Cucchiara S, Staiano A, Gobio Casali L, Boccieri A, Paone FM. Value of the 24 hour intraoesophageal pH monitoring in children. Gut. 1990;31:129-33.
  14. 14 - Cucchiara S, Minella R, Iervolino C, Franco MT, Campanozzi A, Franceschi M, et al. Omeprazole and high dose ranitidine in the treatment of refractory reflux oesophagitis. Archives of disease in childhood. 1993;69:655-9.
  15. 15 - Kahn A, Rebuffat E, Sottiaux M, Blum D, Yasik EA. Sleep apneas and acid esophageal reflux in control infants and in infants with an apparent life-threatening event. Biology of the neonate. 1990;57:144-9.
  16. 16 - Patra S, Singh V, Chandra J, Kumar P, Tripathi M. Diagnostic modalities for gastro-esophageal reflux in infantile wheezers. Journal of tropical pediatrics. 2011;57:99-103.
  17. 17 - Giacchino M, Savarino V, Savarino E. Distinction between patients with non-erosive reflux disease and functional heartburn. Annals of gastroenterology : quarterly publication of the Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology. 2013;26:283-9.
  18. 18 - Loots CM, van Wijk MP, Blondeau K, Dalby K, Peeters L, Rosen R, et al. Interobserver and intraobserver variability in pH-impedance analysis between 10 experts and automated analysis. The Journal of pediatrics. 2012;160:441-6.e1.
  19. 19 - Pilic D, Höfs C, Weitmann S. Inter- and intraobserver agreement in 24-hour combined multiple intraluminal impedance and pH measurement in children - a quality assessment from the German Pediatric Impedance Group (G-PIG). Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2011;53:255-9.
  20. 20 - Wenzl TG, Benninga MA, Loots CM, Salvatore S, Vandenplas Y. Indications, methodology, and interpretation of combined esophageal impedance-pH monitoring in children: ESPGHAN EURO-PIG standard protocol. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2012;55:230-4.
  21. 21 - Ravi K, DeVault KR, Murray JA, Bouras EP, Francis DL. Inter-observer agreement for multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH testing. Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus / ISDE. 2010;23:540-4.
  22. 22 - Hemmink GJ, Bredenoord AJ, Weusten BL, Monkelbaan JF, Timmer R, Smout AJ. Esophageal pH-impedance monitoring in patients with therapy-resistant reflux symptoms: 'on' or 'off' proton pump inhibitor? Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:2446-53.
  23. 23 - Zerbib F, des Varannes SB, Roman S, Pouderoux P, Artigue F, Chaput U, et al. Normal values and day-to-day variability of 24-h ambulatory oesophageal impedance-pH monitoring in a Belgian-French cohort of healthy subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22:1011-21.
  24. 24 - Loots C, van Herwaarden MY, Benninga MA, VanderZee DC, van Wijk MP, Omari TI. Gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal function, gastric emptying, and the relationship to dysphagia before and after antireflux surgery in children. The Journal of pediatrics. 2013;162:566-73.e2.
  25. 25 - Smits MJ, Loots CM, Benninga MA, Omari TI, van Wijk MP. New insights in gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal function and gastric emptying in relation to dysphagia before and after anti-reflux surgery in children. Current gastroenterology reports. 2013;15:351.
  26. 26 - Tucker E, Knowles K, Wright J, Fox MR. Rumination variations: aetiology and classification of abnormal behavioural responses to digestive symptoms based on high-resolution manometry studies. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2013;37:263-74.
  27. 27 - Kessing BF, Bredenoord AJ, Smout AJ. Objective manometric criteria for the rumination syndrome. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2014;109:52-9.
  28. 28 - Rosen R, Rodriguez L, Nurko S. Pediatric rumination subtypes: A study using high-resolution esophageal manometry with impedance. Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. 2017;29.
  29. 29 - Singendonk MMJ, Oors JM, Bredenoord AJ, Omari TI, van der Pol RJ, Smits MJ, et al. Objectively diagnosing rumination syndrome in children using esophageal pH-impedance and manometry. Neurogastroenterology and motility: the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. 2017;29.
  30. 30 - Farhath S, He Z, Saslow J, Soundar S, Amendolia B, Bhat V, et al. Detection of pepsin in mouth swab: correlation with clinical gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine: the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstet. 2013;26:819-24.
  31. 31 - Dy F, Amirault J, Mitchell PD, Rosen R. Salivary Pepsin Lacks Sensitivity as a Diagnostic Tool to Evaluate Extraesophageal Reflux Disease. The Journal of pediatrics. 2016;177:53-8.
  32. 32 - Fortunato JE, D'Agostino RB, Jr., Lively MO. Pepsin in saliva as a biomarker for oropharyngeal reflux compared with 24-hour esophageal impedance/pH monitoring in pediatric patients. Neurogastroenterology and motility: the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. 2016;
  33. 33 - van der Pol RJ, Smits MJ, van Wijk MP, Omari TI, Tabbers MM, Benninga MA. Efficacy of proton-pump inhibitors in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011;127:925-35.
  34. 34 - Haddad I, Kierkus J, Tron E, Ulmer A, Hu P, Sloan S, et al. Efficacy and safety of rabeprazole in children (1-11 years) with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2013;57:798-807.
  35. 35 - Fiedorek S, Tolia V, Gold BD, Huang B, Stolle J, Lee C, et al. Efficacy and safety of lansoprazole in adolescents with symptomatic erosive and non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2005;40:319-27.
  36. 36 - Baker R, Tsou VM, Tung J, Baker SS, Li H, Wang W, et al. Clinical results from a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study of pantoprazole in children aged 1 through 5 years with symptomatic histologic or erosive esophagitis. Clinical pediatrics. 2010;49:852-65.
  37. 37 - Tolia V, Ferry G, Gunasekaran T, Huang B, Keith R, Book L. Efficacy of lansoprazole in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2002;35 Suppl 4:S308-18.
  38. 38 - Bautista J, Fullerton H, Briseno M, Cui H, Fass R. The effect of an empirical trial of high-dose lansoprazole on symptom response of patients with non-cardiac chest pain--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2004;19:1123-30.
  39. 39 - Fass R, Fennerty MB, Ofman JJ, Gralnek IM, Johnson C, Camargo E, et al. The clinical and economic value of a short course of omeprazole in patients with noncardiac chest pain. Gastroenterology. 1998;115:42-9.
  40. 40 - Fass R, Murthy U, Hayden CW, Malagon IB, Pulliam G, Wendel C, et al. Omeprazole 40 mg once a day is equally effective as lansoprazole 30 mg twice a day in symptom control of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who are resistant to conventional-dose lansoprazole therapy-a prospective, randomized, multi-centre study. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2000;14:1595-603.
  41. 41 - Savarino E, Zentilin P, Savarino V. NERD: an umbrella term including heterogeneous subpopulations. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;10:371-80.
  42. 42 - Cheng FK, Albert DM, Maydonovitch CL, Wong RK, Moawad FJ. Categorization of patients with reflux symptoms referred for pH and impedance testing while off therapy. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2015;13:867-73.
  43. 43 - Singendonk MMJ, Rexwinkel R, Steutel NF, Gottrand F, McCall L, Orsagh-Yentis DK, et al. Development of A Core Outcome Set For Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2018;
  44. 44 - Loots C, Kritas S, van Wijk M, McCall L, Peeters L, Lewindon P, et al. Body positioning and medical therapy for infantile gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2014;59:237-43.
  45. 45 - Corvaglia L, Rotatori R, Ferlini M, Aceti A, Ancora G, Faldella G. The effect of body positioning on gastroesophageal reflux in premature infants: evaluation by combined impedance and pH monitoring. The Journal of pediatrics. 2007;151:591-6, 6.e1.
  46. 46 - Omari TI, Rommel N, Staunton E, Lontis R, Goodchild L, Haslam RR, et al. Paradoxical impact of body positioning on gastroesophageal reflux and gastric emptying in the premature neonate. The Journal of pediatrics. 2004;145:194-200.
  47. 47 - Vandenplas Y, De Schepper J, Verheyden S, Devreker T, Franckx J, Peelman M, et al. A preliminary report on the efficacy of the Multicare AR-Bed in 3-week-3-month-old infants on regurgitation, associated symptoms and acid reflux. Archives of disease in childhood. 2010;95:26-30.
  48. 48 - Moon RY, SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths: expansion of recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment. Pediatrics. 2011;128:1030-9.
  49. 49 - Loots C, Smits M, Omari T, Bennink R, Benninga M, van Wijk M. Effect of lateral positioning on gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and underlying mechanisms in GER disease (GERD) patients and healthy controls. Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. 2013;25:222-9, e161-2.
  50. 50 - Ness-Jensen E, Hveem K, El-Serag H, Lagergren J. Lifestyle Intervention in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2016;14:175-82.e3.
  51. 51 - Vandenplas Y, Hachimi-Idrissi S, Casteels A, Mahler T, Loeb H. A clinical trial with an "anti-regurgitation" formula. European journal of pediatrics. 1994;153:419-23.
  52. 52 - Iacono G, Vetrano S, Cataldo F, Ziino O, Russo A, Lorello D, et al. Clinical trial with thickened feeding for treatment of regurgitation in infants. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2002;34:532-3.
  53. 53 - Chao HC, Vandenplas Y. Comparison of the effect of a cornstarch thickened formula and strengthened regular formula on regurgitation, gastric emptying and weight gain in infantile regurgitation. Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus / ISDE. 2007;20:155-60.
  54. 54 - Xinias I, Mouane N, Le Luyer B, Spiroglou K, Demertzidou V, Hauser B, et al. Cornstarch thickened formula reduces oesophageal acid exposure time in infants. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2005;37:23-7.
  55. 55 - Ostrom KM, Jacobs JR, Merritt RJ, Murray RD. Decreased regurgitation with a soy formula containing added soy fiber. Clinical pediatrics. 2006;45:29-36.
  56. 56 - Chao HC, Vandenplas Y. Effect of cereal-thickened formula and upright positioning on regurgitation, gastric emptying, and weight gain in infants with regurgitation. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif). 2007;23:23-8.
  57. 57 - Miyazawa R, Tomomasa T, Kaneko H, Morikawa A. Effect of formula thickened with locust bean gum on gastric emptying in infants. Journal of paediatrics and child health. 2006;42:808-12.
  58. 58 - Miyazawa R, Tomomasa T, Kaneko H, Arakawa H, Morikawa A. Effect of formula thickened with reduced concentration of locust bean gum on gastroesophageal reflux. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2007;96:910-4.
  59. 59 - Miyazawa R, Tomomasa T, Kaneko H, Morikawa A. Effect of locust bean gum in anti-regurgitant milk on the regurgitation in uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2004;38:479-83.
  60. 60 - Moukarzel AA, Abdelnour H, Akatcherian C. Effects of a prethickened formula on esophageal pH and gastric emptying of infants with GER. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;41:823-9.
  61. 61 - Vanderhoof JA, Moran JR, Harris CL, Merkel KL, Orenstein SR. Efficacy of a pre-thickened infant formula: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel group trial in 104 infants with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. Clinical pediatrics. 2003;42:483-95.
  62. 62 - Hegar B, Rantos R, Firmansyah A, De Schepper J, Vandenplas Y. Natural evolution of infantile regurgitation versus the efficacy of thickened formula. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2008;47:26-30.
  63. 63 - Vandenplas Y, Rudolph CD, Di Lorenzo C, Hassall E, Liptak G, Mazur L, et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2009;49:498-547.
  64. 64 - Orenstein SR, Magill HL, Brooks P. Thickening of infant feedings for therapy of gastroesophageal reflux. The Journal of pediatrics. 1987;110:181-6.
  65. 65 - Ummarino D, Miele E, Martinelli M, Scarpato E, Crocetto F, Sciorio E, et al. Effect of magnesium alginate plus simethicone on gastroesophageal reflux in infants. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2015;60:230-5.
  66. 66 - Vandenplas Y, Benninga M, Broekaert I, Falconer J, Gottrand F, Guarino A, et al. Functional gastro-intestinal disorder algorithms focus on early recognition, parental reassurance and nutritional strategies. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2016;105:244-52.
  67. 67 - Khoshoo V, Dhume P. Clinical response to 2 dosing regimens of lansoprazole in infants with gastroesophageal reflux. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2008;46:352-4.
  68. 68 - Famouri F, Zibanejad N, Kabiri P, Kelishadi R. Comparison of Hypoallergenic Diet vs. Ranitidine in Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease of Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 2017;27:e5343.
  69. 69 - Koletzko S, Niggemann B, Arato A, Dias JA, Heuschkel R, Husby S, et al. Diagnostic approach and management of cow's-milk protein allergy in infants and children: ESPGHAN GI Committee practical guidelines. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2012;55:221-9.
  70. 70 - Alsalamah M, Makhajia M, Somers G, Marcon M, Hummel D, Upton J. Anaphylaxis to Milk After Elimination Diet for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111:752-3.
  71. 71 - Maslin K, Grundy J, Glasbey G, Dean T, Arshad SH, Grimshaw K, et al. Cows' milk exclusion diet during infancy: Is there a long-term effect on children's eating behaviour and food preferences? Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2016;27:141-6.
  72. 72 - Miller S, Comparison of the efficacy and safety of a new aluminium-free paediatric alginate preparation and placebo in infants with recurrent gastro-oesophageal reflux. Current medical research and opinion. 1999;15:160-8.
  73. 73 - Oderda G, Dell'Olio D, Forni M, Farina L, Tavassoli K, Ansaldi N. Treatment of childhood peptic oesophagitis with famotidine or alginate-antacid. The Italian journal of gastroenterology. 1990;22:346-9.
  74. 74 - Cucchiara S, Staiano A, Romaniello G, Capobianco S, Auricchio S. Antacids and cimetidine treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux and peptic oesophagitis. Archives of disease in childhood. 1984;59:842-7.
  75. 75 - Woodard-Knight L, Fudge A, Teubner J, Simmer K. Aluminium absorption and antacid therapy in infancy. Journal of paediatrics and child health. 1992;28:257-9.
  76. 76 - Tsou VM, Young RM, Hart MH, Vanderhoof JA. Elevated plasma aluminum levels in normal infants receiving antacids containing aluminum. Pediatrics. 1991;87:148-51.
  77. 77 - Davies I, Burman-Roy S, Murphy MS. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children: NICE guidance. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2015;350.
  78. 78 - Excellence NIfHaC. Dyspepsia and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease: Investigation and Management of Dyspepsia, Symptoms Suggestive of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease, or Both. 2014;
  79. 79 - Simeone D, Caria MC, Miele E, Staiano A. Treatment of childhood peptic esophagitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of nizatidine. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 1997;25:51-5.
  80. 80 - Cucchiara S, Gobio-Casali L, Balli F, Magazzu G, Staiano A, Astolfi R, et al. Cimetidine treatment of reflux esophagitis in children: an Italian multicentric study. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 1989;8:150-6.
  81. 81 - Orenstein SR, Blumer JL, Faessel HM, McGuire JA, Fung K, Li BU, et al. Ranitidine, 75 mg, over-the-counter dose: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in children with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2002;16:899-907.
  82. 82 - Arguelles-Martin F, Gonzalez-Fernandez F, Gentles MG. Sucralfate versus cimetidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis in children. The American journal of medicine. 1989;86:73-6.
  83. 83 - Hussain S, Kierkus J, Hu P, Hoffman D, Lekich R, Sloan S, et al. Safety and efficacy of delayed release rabeprazole in 1- to 11-month-old infants with symptomatic GERD. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2014;58:226-36.
  84. 84 - Moore DJ, Tao BS, Lines DR, Hirte C, Heddle ML, Davidson GP. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of omeprazole in irritable infants with gastroesophageal reflux. The Journal of pediatrics. 2003;143:219-23.
  85. 85 - Orenstein SR, Hassall E, Furmaga-Jablonska W, Atkinson S, Raanan M. Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole in infants with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The Journal of pediatrics. 2009;154:514-20.e4.
  86. 86 - Winter H, Kum-Nji P, Mahomedy SH, Kierkus J, Hinz M, Li H, et al. Efficacy and safety of pantoprazole delayed-release granules for oral suspension in a placebo-controlled treatment-withdrawal study in infants 1-11 months old with symptomatic GERD. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2010;50:609-18.
  87. 87 - Davidson G, Wenzl TG, Thomson M, Omari T, Barker P, Lundborg P, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-daily esomeprazole for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in neonatal patients. The Journal of pediatrics. 2013;163:692-8.e1-2.
  88. 88 - Winter H, Gunasekaran T, Tolia V, Gottrand F, Barker PN, Illueca M. Esomeprazole for the treatment of GERD in infants ages 1-11 months. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2012;55:14-20.
  89. 89 - Cohen S, Bueno de Mesquita M, Mimouni FB. Adverse effects reported in the use of gastroesophageal reflux disease treatments in children: a 10 years literature review. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2015;80:200-8.
  90. 90 - Zohalinezhad ME, Imanieh MH, Samani SM, Mohagheghzadeh A, Dehghani SM, Haghighat M, et al. Effects of Quince syrup on clinical symptoms of children with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2015;21:268-76.
  91. 91 - Ummarino D, Miele E, Masi P, Tramontano A, Staiano A, Vandenplas Y. Impact of antisecretory treatment on respiratory symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus. 2012;25:671-7.
  92. 92 - Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2013;108:308-28; quiz 29.
  93. 93 - Cremonini F, Ziogas DC, Chang HY, Kokkotou E, Kelley JM, Conboy L, et al. Meta-analysis: the effects of placebo treatment on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2010;32:29-42.
  94. 94 - Chiba N, De Gara CJ, Wilkinson JM, Hunt RH. Speed of healing and symptom relief in grade II to IV gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:1798-810.
  95. 95 - Labenz J, Malfertheiner P. Treatment of uncomplicated reflux disease. World journal of gastroenterology. 2005;11:4291-9.
  96. 96 - Rosen R, Amirault J, Liu H, Mitchell P, Hu L, Khatwa U, et al. Changes in gastric and lung microflora with acid suppression: acid suppression and bacterial growth. JAMA pediatrics. 2014;168:932-7.
  97. 97 - Trikha A, Baillargeon JG, Kuo YF, Tan A, Pierson K, Sharma G, et al. Development of food allergies in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease treated with gastric acid suppressive medications. Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2013;24:582-8.
  98. 98 - Ballengee CR, Davalian F, Conaway MR, Sauer CG, Kaufman DA. Erythromycin and Reflux Events in Premature Neonates: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2018;67:720-5.
  99. 99 - Omari TI, Benninga MA, Sansom L, Butler RN, Dent J, Davidson GP. Effect of baclofen on esophagogastric motility and gastroesophageal reflux in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of pediatrics. 2006;149:468-74.
  100. 100 - Carroccio A, Iacono G, Montalto G, Cavataio F, Soresi M, Notarbartolo A. Domperidone plus magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide: a valid therapy in children with gastroesophageal reflux. A double-blind randomized study versus placebo. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. 1994;29:300-4.
  101. 101 - De Loore I, Van Ravensteyn H, Ameryckx L. Domperidone drops in the symptomatic treatment of chronic paediatric vomiting and regurgitation. A comparison with metoclopramide. Postgraduate medical journal. 1979;55 Suppl 1:40-2.
  102. 102 - Tolia V, Calhoun J, Kuhns L, Kauffman RE. Randomized, prospective double-blind trial of metoclopramide and placebo for gastroesophageal reflux in infants. The Journal of pediatrics. 1989;115:141-5.
  103. 103 - Bellissant E, Duhamel JF, Guillot M, Pariente-Khayat A, Olive G, Pons G. The triangular test to assess the efficacy of metoclopramide in gastroesophageal reflux. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1997;61:377-84.
  104. 104 - Lau Moon Lin M, Robinson PD, Flank J, Sung L, Dupuis LL. The Safety of Metoclopramide in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drug safety. 2016;39:675-87.
  105. 105 - Stefanidis D, Hope WW, Kohn GP, Reardon PR, Richardson WS, Fanelli RD. Guidelines for surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surgical endoscopy. 2010;24:2647-69.
  106. 106 - Moore M, Afaneh C, Benhuri D, Antonacci C, Abelson J, Zarnegar R. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: A review of surgical decision making. World journal of gastrointestinal surgery. 2016;8:77-83.
  107. 107 - Kubiak R, Andrews J, Grant HW. Long-term outcome of laparoscopic nissen fundoplication compared with laparoscopic thal fundoplication in children: a prospective, randomized study. Annals of surgery. 2011;253:44-9.
  108. 108 - Rothenberg SS. Two decades of experience with laparoscopic nissen fundoplication in infants and children: a critical evaluation of indications, technique, and results. Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques Part A. 2013;23:791-4.
  109. 109 - Smith CD, McClusky DA, Rajad MA, Lederman AB, Hunter JG. When fundoplication fails: redo? Annals of surgery. 2005;241:861-9; discussion 9-71.
  110. 110 - Kellokumpu I, Voutilainen M, Haglund C, Farkkila M, Roberts PJ, Kautiainen H. Quality of life following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: assessing short-term and long-term outcomes. World journal of gastroenterology. 2013;19:3810-8.
  111. 111 - Davis CS, Baldea A, Johns JR, Joehl RJ, Fisichella PM. The evolution and long-term results of laparoscopic antireflux surgery for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons / Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons. 2010;14:332-41.
  112. 112 - Wakeman DS, Wilson NA, Warner BW. Current status of surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux in children. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2016;28:356-62.
  113. 113 - Baerg J, Thorpe D, Bultron G, Vannix R, Knott EM, Gasior AC, et al. A multicenter study of the incidence and factors associated with redo Nissen fundoplication in children. Journal of pediatric surgery. 2013;48:1306-11.
  114. 114 - Mauritz FA, van Herwaarden-Lindeboom MY, Zwaveling S, Houwen RH, Siersema PD, van der Zee DC. Laparoscopic Thal fundoplication in children: a prospective 10- to 15-year follow-up study. Annals of surgery. 2014;259:388-93.
  115. 115 - Vandenplas Y, Rudolph CD, Di Lorenzo C, Hassall E, Liptak G, Mazur L, et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2009;49:498-547.
  116. 116 - Bohmer CJ, Klinkenberg-Knol EC, Niezen-de Boer MC, Meuwissen SG. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in intellectually disabled individuals: how often, how serious, how manageable? The American journal of gastroenterology. 2000;95:1868-72.
  117. 117 - Del Giudice E, Staiano A, Capano G, Romano A, Florimonte L, Miele E, et al. Gastrointestinal manifestations in children with cerebral palsy. Brain & development. 1999;21:307-11.
  118. 118 - de Veer AJ, Bos JT, Niezen-de Boer RC, Bohmer CJ, Francke AL. Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease in severely mentally retarded people: a systematic review. BMC gastroenterology. 2008;8:23.
  119. 119 - Kline AD, Moss JF, Selicorni A, Bisgaard AM, Deardorff MA, Gillett PM, et al. Diagnosis and management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: first international consensus statement. Nature reviews Genetics. 2018;19:649-66.
  120. 120 - Singendonk MMJ, Brink AJ, Steutel NF, van Etten-Jamaludin FS, van Wijk MP, Benninga MA, et al. Variations in Definitions and Outcome Measures in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2017; Jul 27 [Epub ahead of print].
Volgende:
Diagnostiek