Critical appraisal form

*Vereist
1. Reviewers name *

 

2. Date * Voorbeeld: 15 december 2012

 

3. Selection for *
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Instruments/tools
Education

 

4. Name author article + publication year *
e.g. Jansen 2011

 

5. Title article *

 

6. Study type *
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Case-control
Cross-sectional
Interrupted time series
Uncontrolled before and after study
Prospective cohort/longitudinal
Retrospective cohort study
Case-series
Case-study
Qualitative research
Systematic review
RCT

 

7. Is the study prospective or retrospective?
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Prospective
Retrospective

 

8. Comparative paper or not? *
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Comparative paper that describes abusive/non-abusive
Abusive only
Non abusive only

9. What is the rank of abuse? *
How have the authors defined abuse? - Rank 1: Abuse confirmed at case conference, family,
civil or criminal court proceedings, admitted by perpetrator, independently witnessed or
described by victim. - Rank 2: Abuse confirmed by stated/referenced criteria including multidisciplinary
assessment. - Rank 3: Abuse defined by stated criteria. - Rank 4: Abuse stated
but no supporting detail given. - Rank 5: Suspected abuse. - Mixed ranking
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Rank 1
Rank 2
Rank 3
Rank 4
Rank 5
Mixed ranking
NA

10. How have the authors defined abuse?
Please state criteria used

11. Are there any exclusion criteria present? If the answer is 'yes' (and the paper is excluded), go to the last question of critical appraisal form. *
- Does not adress key questions - Formal consensus/expert opinion/personal practices - Rank
of abuse is 4 OR 5 OR mixed rank, where relevant cases cannot be extraxted nor part of
original exclusion criteria - Adult only data OR mixed adult & child data, where child data
cannoit be isolated - Methodologically flawed paper - Single case report.
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Yes
No

Quality criteria

 

12. Have the authors actively excluded abuse from any NON-ABUSED group? (accidental
and/or organic cause)
If your study does not contain any comparative data, (concerns NAI only) please tick for all
the quality criteria questions N/A.
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Yes
No
N/A

13. Independently witnessed accidental cause or forensic recreation of scene
Have the authors actively excluded abuse from any NON-ABUSED group? (accidental and/or organic cause)
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Yes
No
N/A

 

14. By confirmation of organic disease (diagnostic test and/or diagnosis from clinical profile)
Have the authors actively excluded abuse from any NON-ABUSED group? (accidental and/or organic cause)
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Yes
No
N/A

 

15. By multi-disciplinary assessment and child protection clinical investigation
Have the authors actively excluded abuse from any NON-ABUSED group? (accidental and/or organic cause)
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Yes
No
N/A

 

16. Consistent account of accident by the same individual over time
Have the authors actively excluded abuse from any NON-ABUSED group? (accidental and/or organic cause)
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Yes
No
N/A

17. By checking either the child abuse register or records of previous abuse
Have the authors actively excluded abuse from any NON-ABUSED group? (accidental and/or organic cause)
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Yes
No
N/A

18. Accidental cause / organic diagnosis stated but no detail given
Have the authors actively excluded abuse from any NON-ABUSED group? (accidental and/or organic cause)
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Yes
No
N/A

19. No attempt made to exclude abuse / no detail given
Have the authors actively excluded abuse from any NON-ABUSED group? (accidental and/or organic cause)
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Yes
No
N/A

Methodological quality criteria

20. Where the aims of the study clearly stated?
Methodological quality criteria
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

21. Was the study clearly focussed in terms of population selected, the comparative
features assessed (where appropriate ie comparative studies) and outcomes
considered?
Methodological quality criteria
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

22. Do the authors appear to have conducted a preparatory unbiased literature review or identify current state of knowledge?
Methodological quality criteria
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

23. Was the choice of study method appropriate?
Methodological quality criteria
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

24. Are the inclusion criteria explicit?
Methodological quality criteria
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

25. Have the results of the study been clearly stated?
Methodological quality criteria
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A of I don't know

26. Are the data in the tables or graphs and the text consistent?
Methodological quality criteria
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

27. Were all important outcomes/ results considered?
Methodological quality criteria
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Yes
No
N/A of I don't know

28. Was the study size considered and is it unlikely to have affected the results?
Methodological quality criteria for COMPARATIVE STUDIES ONLY (eg cross sectional, case control)
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

29. Was the ascertainment clearly stated?
Methodological quality criteria for COMPARATIVE STUDIES ONLY (eg cross sectional, case control)
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

30. Was the comparison group appropriately chosen?
Methodological quality criteria for COMPARATIVE STUDIES ONLY (eg cross sectional, case control)
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

31. Was the comparison group enrolled in the same time period and assessed in the same way as the abused group?
Methodological quality criteria for COMPARATIVE STUDIES ONLY (eg cross sectional, case control)
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

32. Were the statistical methods used appropriately?
Methodological quality criteria for COMPARATIVE STUDIES ONLY (eg cross sectional, case control)
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Yes
No
Unclear
N/A or I don't know

Extra questions

33. Does the study answer one of our questions? Ie instrument, validity? *
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Yes
No
Unclear

34. Which information from this study can be
used in our guideline?

35. Key points meriting inclusion (list
strengths)
Reviewer's conclusion and comments

36. Weakness, potential confounders and
study limitations
Reviewer's conclusion and comments

37. Decision before CASP - Is the study included?
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Yes
No
Unclear

CASP Case Control Study Checklist

38. Did the study address a clearly focused issue?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

39. Did the authors use an appropriate method to answer their question?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

40. Were the cases recruited in an acceptable way?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

41. Were the controls selected in an acceptable way?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

42. Was the exposure accurately measured to minimise bias?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

43. What confounding factors have the authors
confounded for?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist

44. Have the authors taken account of the potential confounding factors?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

45. What are the results of this study?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist

46. How precise are the results? How precise
is the estimate of risk?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist

47. Do you believe the results?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist
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Yes
No

48. Can the results be applied to the local population?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

49. Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence?
CASP - Case Control Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

CASP Case Cohort Study Checklist

50. Did the study address a clearly focused issue?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

51. Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

52. Was the exposure accurately measured to minimise bias?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

53. Was the outcome accurately measured to minimise bias?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

54. Have the authors identified all important cofounding factors? List the ones you think might be important that the author missed by 'other'.
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell
Anders:

55.

56. Have they taken account of the confounding factors in the design and/or analysis? List by 'other".
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell
Anders:

57. Was the follow up of subjects complete enough?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

58. Was the follow up of subjects long enough?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

59. What are the results of this study?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist

60. How precise are the results?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist

61. Do you believe the results?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

62. Can the results be applied to the local population?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist
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Yes
No
Can't tell

63. Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence?

CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist

 

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Yes
No
Can't tell

64. What are the implications of this study for
practice?
CASP - Case Cohort Study Checklist

CASP Qualitative research checklist

 

65. Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

66. Is a qualitative methodology appropriate?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

67. Was the research design appropriate to adress the aims of the research?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

68. Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

69. Was the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

70. Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

71. Have ethical issues been taken into consideration?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

72. Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

73. Is there a clear statement of findings?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

74. How valuable is the research?

 

CASP review checklist

75. Did the reviewer address a clearly focused question?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

76. Did the authors look for the right type of papers?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

77. Do you think all the important, relevant studies were included?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

78. Did the review's authors do enough to assess the quality of the included studies?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

79. If the results of the review have been combined, was it reasonable to do so?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

80. What are the overall results of the review?

81. How precise are the results?

82. Can the results be applied to the local population?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

83. Were all important outcomes considered?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

84. Are the benefits worth the harms and costs?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

CASP RCT checklist

85. Did the trial address a clearly focussed issue?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

86. Was the assigment of patients to treatments randomised?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

87. Were patients, health workers and study personnel blinded?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

88. Were the groups similar at the start of the trial?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

89. Asides of the experimental intervention, where the groups treated equally?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

90. Were all the patients who entered the trial properly accounted for at it's conclusion?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

91. How large was the treatment effect?

92. How precise was the estimate of the
treatment effect?

93. Can the results be applied to the local population?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

94. Were all clinical important outcomes considered?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

95. Are the benefits worth the harm and costs?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

CASP diagnostic test study checklist

96. Was there a clear question for the study to address?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

97. Was there a comparison with an appropriate reference standard?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

98. Did all the patients get the diagnostic test and reference standard?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

99.Could the results of the test have been influenced by the results of the reference
standard?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

100. Is the disease status of the tested population clearly described?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

101. Where the methods for performing the test clearly described?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

102. What are the results?

103. How sure are we about the results? Consequences and costs of alternatives
performed?

 

104. Can the results be applied to your patient or population of interest?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

105. Can the test be applied to your patient or population of interest?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

106. Where all outcomes important to the individual or population considered?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

107. What would be the impact of using this test on your patients/population?
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Yes
No
Can't tell

 

Final questions

 

108. Should we include this study for our guideline? *
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Yes
No
Unclear

109. Extra comments?