Tabel 5

Study

Clinical criteria

Imaging

Midportion Achilles tendinopathy

(Balius, 2016)

• Painful thickening of the Achilles tendon located 2 to 6 cm above the tendon insertion
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• Ultrasonography

(Bell, 2013)

• Chronic localized pain and stiffness
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• Ultrasonography

(Beyer, 2015)

• Diagnosis based on VISA-A score, VAS-score, physical examination, and pain. Specific criteria were not reported
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• Ultrasonography

(Boesen, 2017)

• Thickness and pain on clinical examination located 2-7 cm proximal to the insertion on the calcaneus
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• Ultrasonography

(de Jonge, 2010)

• Tendon painful on palpation and painful during or after sport
• Tendon thickening 2-7 cm proximal to the distal insertion
• Symptoms present for at least 2 months

• None

(de Jonge, 2011)

• Tendon painful on palpation and painful during or after sport
• Tendon thickening 2-7 cm proximal to the distal insertion
• Symptoms present for at least 2 months

• None

(Heinemeier, 2017)

• Pain during Achilles tendon loading
• Clinical signs of midportion Achilles tendinopathy (not further specified)
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• Ultrasonography

(Herrington, 2007)

• Complaints of local Achilles pain, stiffness or functional impairment on activity
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• None

(Hutchison, 2013)

• Pain and tenderness in the tendo Achillis between 2 cm and 6 cm above its insertion into the calcaneum
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• Ultrasonography

(Krogh, 2016)

• Painful and thickened tendon in relation to activity and on palpation (2 to 7 cm proximal to the insertion on the calcaneus)
• Symptoms present for at least 6 months

• Ultrasonography

(Lynen, 2017)

• Painful midportion Achilles tendon (area not further specified)
• Symptoms present for at least 6 weeks

• None

(Morrison, 2017)

• Criteria not reported
• Symptoms present for at least 6 months

• MRI

(Munteanu, 2015)

• Insidious onset of pain in the Achilles tendon region aggravated by weightbearing activities and/or was worse in the morning and/or during the initial stages of weightbearing activities; and pain located 2-6 cms proximal to the Achilles tendon insertion
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• Ultrasonography

(Mafi, 2001)

• Painful area 2-6 cm from the calcaneal insertion

• Ultrasonography

(Pearson, 2012)

• Activity-related pain of gradual or semiacute onset, postinactivity stiffness, and tenderness, swelling, and nodularity localized to the midtendon
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• None

(Rompe, 2007)

• Pain over the main body of the Achilles tendon 2 to 6 cm proximal to its insertion, swelling, and impaired function
• Symptoms present for at least 6 months

• Ultrasonography

(Rompe, 2009)

• Pain over the main body of the Achilles tendon 2 to 6 cm proximal to its insertion, swelling, and impaired function
• Symptoms present for at least 6 months

• Ultrasonography

(Roos, 2004)

• Symptoms located 2-6 cm proximally to the insertion
• Symptoms present for at least 4 weeks

• None

(Silbernagel, 2001)

• Chronic pain from the Achilles tendon
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• None

(Silbernagel, 2007)

• Achilles tendon pain, swelling, and impaired performance
• Symptoms present for at least 2 months

• None

(Stevens, 2014)

• Midportion Achilles tenderness (2-7 cm proximal to insertion) on palpation during or after activity
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• None

(Tumilty, 2012)

• Tender area of intratendinous swelling that moves with the tendon and significantly decreases or disappears when the tendon is put under tension
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• None

(Tumilty, 2016)

• Tender area of intratendinous swelling that moves with the tendon and significantly decreases or disappears when the tendon is put under tension
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• None

(Usuelli, 2017)

• Criteria not reported
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• None

(Yelland, 2011)

• Pain 2-7 cm proximal to the calcaneal attachment
• Symptoms present for at least 6 weeks

• None

(Zhang, 2013)

• Pain during and after physical activity, tenderness on palpation and morning stiffness, and swelling.
• Painful and thickened tendon in relation to activity and on palpation 2-7 cm proximal to the insertion on the calcaneus
• Symptoms present for at least 2 months

• None

Insertional Achilles tendinopathy

(Hunt, 2015)

• Criteria not reported
• Symptoms present for at least 6 months

• Not reported

(Njawaya, 2017)

• Pain and impaired function

• Ultrasonography

(Rompe, 2008)

• Localized pain over the distal part of the Achilles tendon at its insertion onto the calcaneus, with local tenderness and a reduced level of activity
• Symptoms present for at least 6 months

• Ultrasonography

Achilles tendinopathy (not further specified)

(Auclair, 1989)

• Criteria not reported
• Symptoms present <1 month

• Not reported

(Ebbesen, 2018)

• Pain on the Achilles tendon
• Symptoms present for at least 3 months

• Ultrasonography